25 August 2026
Some things change, some things stay the same
Any commentator on human affairs has to reckon with two things: that certain things do not change, and that certain things do.
The job is to work out the difference.
In one way – perhaps the X-axis – there is nothing new under the sun.
And in another way – the Y-axis – there is always something new.
Pundits will also have preferences: some prefer the old and will disparage the new, and some will prefer the new and disparage the old.
Some pundits will be small-c conservative and others small-r radical.
But all commentators have to wrestle with the two same things: continuity and change.
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Internet-based communications are new, at least in their technology and availability and reach.
For those who grew up before around the year 2000 it was actually quite difficult for most people to communicate outside of your own circle. You could write a letter to the newspaper or someone on the telly or print a pamphlet and hand it out, but that was about it.
To publish or broadcast to the world at large required access to resources in the hands of the few, not of the many.
Broadcasting houses and publishers were the gatekeepers.
(And, in the case of publishers, had been for about 500 years, since the spread of printing presses.)
Now, anyone with access to an internet connection could – in principle – publish or broadcast to the world.
That has to be counted as a fairly profound change.
And we maybe as a species have not yet fully realised the implications of that change.
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But one thing cannot have changed that much in a couple or so decades: human nature.
Human beings are still a fairly cruel species.
Human beings were cruel before internet-based communications, and unsurprisingly human beings are still cruel after internet-based communications.
The only difference is the availability of new technological means for human beings to be cruel to each other, and at scale.
Some blame the social media platforms for enabling this cruelty – but the key word is “social”.
Yes, the platforms could curb and censor at lot more than they do (and they should), but the ultimate problem is still the people who use the platforms.
People are still people.
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The problem this combination of the new and the not-so-new is that the law is so far not able to keep pace.
The law is most useful in concrete and practical inter-personal relationships where causation and a lack of remoteness between things can be established.
The law is less useful where causes and effects are two or three steps apart.
As such the law is not helpful in what one can call “stochastic” violence or terrorism – the general and vague encouragement of hostile and lethal acts against groups and individuals by instigators using communications networks.
And over at Prospect last week I set out how the law is similarly not helpful in mainstream and social media pile-ons – where each contributor will (at least to themselves) feel justified, but the aggregate effect can be dangerous, if not lethal.
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We may be a cruel species, but we also have developed forms of law and government to regulate human conduct.
Survival of the fittest can sometimes mean political innovation and conceptual change.
It is perhaps no coincidence that human ability to make tools – weapons – to kill each other was more-or-less concurrent with our ability to organise ourselves in more complex political groupings, regulating the harm we can do each other.
But we are are now developing communications technologies which mean we can harm each other in ways undreamed of by our ancestors.
The question is whether, if at all, we can limit the lethal effects of this.
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By coincidence, a few minutes before reading this I’d seen an article in “Al Jazeera” a cyber-security expert’s view on the cyber-attacks against 30 water plants in the USA and a power plant over here. Clearly, asymmetric warfare conducted by the cyber-skilled can be a potent threat, even to the world’s dominant superpower.
A reminder yet again that “jaw-jaw” is better than “war-war” for everyone …
I’m probably being naïve, but why can’t it be a requirement that social media companies must be compelled to have users identity authenticated; then at least people who post can be pursued civilly or criminally as appropriate for their behaviour?
How would having “users identity authenticated” prevent a pile-on, when there is nothing unlawful about a pile-on?
Personal word-processors, computers and effective printers made an initial opening past publishers before even dial-up for, CIX and so on.
But the physical paper limited the range.
It’s in your title: ‘human nature’.
For whatever reason the darker side of that nature is more to the fore.
Allied with the new technologies and media it seems to be more (self) destructive and abhorrent.
But, you can’t change it ………….
At Uni we had a new psychology lecturer whose recent PhD had been about how people communicate via email. This was the early-mid 90s, so before social media. Her finding was that the written word in emails can come across as harsher and more personal than the writer intended. IIRC (it was 30 odd years ago) this being due to a lack of the usual visual and voice cues as to the intended tone of the message that we get when face-to-face. It seems to follow that the same can be applied to social media comments – by their extreme short-form nature the effect is perhaps greater.
That is something that has stuck with me, so I apply a policy of not posting anything negative, the old principal, “If you’ve nothing nice to say, say nothing.” No matter how spittle spraying the invective induced in me, I refrain from commenting. This can work the other way around – if you get a comment that seems blunt and rude, perhaps reconsider the tone, maybe they didn’t mean it to be so harsh.
One small thing, perhaps, we can do about it is to develop and inculcate good online etiquette, much as we do when teaching kids good manners. And point out that you wouldn’t stand in front of a baying crowd, point at a hotel over the way and shout, “They’re in there, burn it down!”, so why do the same on social media?
Was there a missing “unfortunately” before “Human beings are still a fairly cruel species.” ?
Of course, written communications have an absent communication feature. No body language.
Shklar was said to have “more listeners that readers”. She has systemic cruelty and the fear it induces as the “Summum Malum” that defines the value and purpose of liberalism. “Social” media is a system that she did not have to consider, but she gave us tools to think about it with. We can win, despite the best efforts of the beneficiaries of that victory to exhaust patient persistence. Elvis – listened to more than Shklar, though less read – got the eternal zeroth commandment down straight; “Don’t be cruel”.
A lot can be said for Shklar, whose work should be far better known.